India has the largest population in the World, with advancing technology and healthcare, life expectancy is increasing rapidly. Geriatric medicine is the emerging specialty to counter the problems of elderly population. Age-adjusted prevalence in the Indian population is estimated to be 52.8 per 1,00,000 population. As per statistics our country is leading in the number of patients diagnosed from Parkinson’s disease which is approximately 15% to 43% of 1,000,000 people. 

These numbers are of public health concern and economic burden for the nation. The cost of treatment is based on direct and indirect expenditures. AI-Afiya Medi Tour helps patients to find the best possible treatment keeping in mind the cost and care you desire! Read ahead to understand the cost of Parkinson’s disease in India. 

Causes of Parkinson’s disease

The main symptoms of Parkinson’s disease arise when nerve cells in the brain’s basal ganglia, which control movement, become damaged or die. These neurons normally produce dopamine, a chemical crucial for smooth and coordinated movements. When they deteriorate, dopamine levels drop, leading to the movement difficulties seen in Parkinson’s. Although scientists have identified risk factors like age, genetics, and environmental exposures, the exact reason why these neurons die is still not fully understood. 

1. Age

• Primary Risk Factor: Age is the most significant risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. The risk increases with age, especially after the age of 51. Although early-onset Parkinson’s can occur, it is less common.

2. Genetic Factors

• Family History: A small percentage of PD cases (10-15%) are linked to inherited genetic mutations. Having a family member with Parkinson’s increases the risk, though most cases are sporadic (non-familial).
• Specific Gene Mutations: Mutations in certain genes, such as LRRK2, PINK1, PRKN, and SNCA, are associated with the disease. These mutations are more common in early-onset PD.
• Ethnic Variations: Certain populations, like Ashkenazi Jews and North Africans, have a higher frequency of some PD-related genetic mutations.

3. Environmental Factors

• Exposure to Pesticides and Herbicides: Prolonged exposure to pesticides and herbicides, particularly in rural areas, has been linked to a higher risk of developing Parkinson’s. Chemicals like paraquat and rotenone have been associated with increased risk.
• Heavy Metal Exposure: Chronic exposure to metals such as manganese and lead has been suggested to play a role in the development of Parkinson’s.
• Industrial Chemicals: Exposure to solvents like trichloroethylene (TCE), commonly used in industrial settings, may also increase the risk.
• Living in Rural Areas: People who live in rural environments, where pesticide use is more prevalent, may be at greater risk.

4. Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

• Oxidative Stress: Excessive oxidative stress, which damages cells and DNA, has been linked to the death of dopamine-producing neurons in Parkinson’s.
• Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Impaired energy production in cells due to mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the progression of PD. Cells with reduced mitochondrial activity are more susceptible to damage.

5. Inflammation

• Chronic Brain Inflammation: Long-term inflammation in the brain may contribute to the death of neurons involved in movement. Studies show that people with chronic inflammatory conditions may have an increased risk of PD.

6. Gut-Brain Connection

• Gastrointestinal Issues: Emerging research suggests that Parkinson’s may begin in the gut. Symptoms like constipation can precede motor symptoms by years, and abnormal protein aggregates (alpha-synuclein) have been found in the gut of PD patients.

7. Head Trauma

• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): People who have suffered repeated head injuries (e.g., athletes or military personnel) have an elevated risk of developing Parkinson’s. TBIs can cause long-term damage to neurons in the brain, making them more vulnerable to degeneration.

8. Gender

• Higher Risk in Men: Men are more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease than women. The reasons for this are not fully understood, but hormonal differences or environmental exposures may contribute.

9. Lifestyle Factors

• Lack of Physical Activity: A sedentary lifestyle has been associated with a higher risk of developing PD. Regular exercise may protect against the disease.
• Smoking and Caffeine Consumption: Interestingly, smokers and people who consume caffeine regularly are found to have a reduced risk of PD. However, the reasons for this are not fully clear, and smoking carries other significant health risks.

10. Infections and Autoimmune Disorders

• Viral Infections: In rare cases, viral infections (such as encephalitis lethargica) have been linked to the development of Parkinson-like symptoms. Inflammation following infections might contribute to neuronal damage.
• Autoimmune Responses: There is evidence suggesting that autoimmune mechanisms, where the body attacks its own tissues, could play a role in the degeneration of neurons in PD.

 Cost of Care of Parkinson’s Disease

The cost of care for patients is divided into direct and indirect costs. Direct cost includes drugs, surgery and hospital stay whereas indirect cost includes loss of job or income for family and institution, mental strain for caregivers and social costs. 

Every disorder has its journey from diagnosis to surgery to post care! Discovering the one with Parkinson’s can be challenging. Here is a list of options in terms of medication and surgery. This will add to the total direct cost of the treatment. At the AI-Afiya Medi Tour we guide our patients to choose the best for them!

Here are some medications used for Parkinson’s disease. 

Carbidopa-Levodopa: Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, helping treat Parkinson’s disease. 

Inhaled Carbidopa-Levodopa: Delivered via a tube into the small intestine, this formulation requires a surgical procedure.

Dopamine Agonists: These drugs mimic dopamine in the brain without converting into it.

MAO B Inhibitors: Selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide block the breakdown of dopamine by inhibiting the enzyme MAO B.

The cost is variable depending on the dose and usage. Average cost of dopaminergics is around 8,000 rupees and non-dopaminergics is 3500 rupees on an annual basis. Average cost of medications can go about 5 lakh to 8 lakhs per year. This is quite low compared to other countries. The average cost includes direct and indirect expenditure as well. Parkinson’s cost of treatment in India is bearable considering other countries. Best hospitals include Medicity and Max Super Speciality deltin7 in Gurugram. 

If all these medications fail, patients can opt for Deep Brain Stimulation better known as awake surgery for the patient. The average cost is 25,000 rupees per session. Annual expenditure can go around 12 lakhs in Indian rupees, much lower than the developed countries. 

Produodopa :  Life changing drug for patients 

Many patients pop up 20 drugs each day to work and feed themselves. The drugs work unsystematically on symptoms not providing much relief. Produodopa is a new drug which will work continuously to provide dopamine. The drug is still not available in India and USA, but will be rolled out soon for 1000 patients in the NHS according to BBC. 

Produodopa is a combination of two drugs foslevodopa and carbidopa. Foslevodopa works by converting into dopamine, a chemical that helps transmit signals between the brain and nerves responsible for controlling movement, effectively managing Parkinson’s symptoms like tremors and excessive movement. The treatment is delivered continuously through a cannula under the skin, controlled by a small automatic pump that provides a steady 24-hour infusion to maintain symptom control. Additionally, it offers a manual boost option for extra relief when needed. Many patients who previously relied on numerous tablets experience worsening symptoms later in the day and at night, making this infusion system a more consistent and effective alternative.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are some of the challenges associated with long-term treatment of Parkinson’s disease?

Long-term treatment of Parkinson’s disease presents several challenges. Over time, patients often develop a reduced response to medications like levodopa, which is the standard treatment. This leads to fluctuations in symptom control, including “on-off” periods where mobility can suddenly worsen. Additionally, long-term use of these medications may cause side effects such as dyskinesia (involuntary movements). As the disease progresses, non-motor symptoms like cognitive decline, depression, and sleep disorders become more prominent, complicating treatment further. Managing these issues often requires multiple therapies and careful monitoring, but the complexity of balancing treatments poses significant challenges for both patients and clinicians.AI-Afiya Medi Tour helps patients to find the best possible treatment keeping in mind the cost and care you desire!

What tests and assessments are typically used?

Diagnosing Parkinson’s disease is primarily clinical, based on a patient’s symptoms and medical history. Neurologists use the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) to evaluate motor and non-motor symptoms. A physical exam assesses tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and balance. DaTscan, an imaging test, can help visualise dopamine transporter levels in the brain, supporting diagnosis. MRI or CT scans are often used to rule out other neurological conditions that mimic Parkinson’s. Additionally, response to levodopa therapy may be tested, as improvement with this medication supports the diagnosis. No single definitive test exists, so diagnosis involves a combination of assessments. AI-Afiya Medi Tour helps patients to find the best possible treatment keeping in mind the cost and care you desire!

What are the main risk factors for developing Parkinson’s disease?

The main risk factors for developing Parkinson’s disease include age, with most cases occurring in individuals over 60. Gender plays a role, as men are more likely to develop the disease than women. Genetics is another factor, with a family history of Parkinson’s increasing the risk, especially if specific gene mutations are involved. Environmental factors, such as prolonged exposure to pesticides, herbicides, or heavy metals, are linked to a higher risk. Additionally, people with a history of head injuries may be more susceptible. However, smoking and caffeine consumption have been associated with a slightly lower risk of developing Parkinson’s.

Am I a good candidate for deep brain stimulation or other surgical treatments?

To be a good candidate for deep brain stimulation (DBS) or other surgical treatments for Parkinson’s disease, several factors are considered. Typically, DBS is recommended for patients whose symptoms are not adequately controlled by medication but who still respond to levodopa. Candidates should have significant motor fluctuations or dyskinesias, and their condition should have progressed to where daily activities are affected. Those without severe cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorders are preferred. DBS is generally more effective for younger patients, but age alone isn’t a strict criterion. A thorough evaluation by a neurologist and neurosurgeon will determine if surgery is appropriate. Talk to experts at AI-Afiya Medi Tour to get an apt understanding of treatment. Our team helps you creating most effective plans! 

Are there any ongoing costs related to the surgery, such as maintenance or follow-up care?

Yes, there are ongoing costs related to deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. After the procedure, patients require regular follow-up visits for programming and adjusting the DBS device, which ensures it is working effectively. These follow-up appointments may involve neurologists and specialized technicians. Additionally, the battery in the DBS device may need to be replaced every few years, which can incur further costs. There may also be maintenance for any complications or issues that arise with the device. While most of these expenses are typically covered by insurance, it’s important for patients to plan for ongoing care and associated costs. Talk to experts at AI-Afiya Medi Tour to get an apt understanding of treatment. Our team helps you creating most effective plans!

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Stroke is the second leading cause of death in India. According to Global Burden of Disease approximately 70% of people in our nation die of stroke. This means every four minutes a person dies of stroke. These numbers need attention and prevention! 

Stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is defined as a sudden onset of a neurologic deficit from a vascular mechanism. Stroke is the leading cause of neurologic disability in adults. It is more common in males and mainly affects elderly people. Blacks have almost twice the risk of stroke compared to whites. There are majorly two types of stroke, ischemic and hemorrhagic. Common risk factors are hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity. 

Stroke treatment in India has advanced significantly in recent years, with a growing focus on early diagnosis and intervention. Treatment typically begins with emergency care, where clot-dissolving medications like tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are administered within a critical 3 to 4.5-hour window for ischemic strokes. Thrombectomy, a procedure to remove clots from large arteries, is increasingly available at specialised centres. Rehabilitation, including physiotherapy and speech therapy, plays a key role in recovery, helping patients regain function and independence. India is also improving access to stroke units and telemedicine in rural areas, though challenges such as awareness, access to care, and financial barriers remain significant hurdles. Max hospital in India provides best stroke treatment with major focus on rehabilitation of the stroke patient.  Average cost of the treatment is around 2.5 to 5.5 lacs which is further dependent on many factors. 

Headache

Causes of headache vary from poor lifestyle to cancers or tumours. The intensity, magnitude as well duration plays a key role in defining the cause of headache. Most people experience headaches at least once during their life. Most causes of headache are benign, but rarely headache can be due to potentially life-threatening central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as brain tumour, intracranial haemorrhage. To address the various types of headache globally, the Internationally Headache Society has laid various guidelines to diagnose primary and secondary headache.  

Primary causes of headache include migraine, tension and cluster headache. The prevalence of headache is high. It is three times more common in women than men. It tends to run in families, and is more common in young females. It is found that most of the patients have strong genetic history. 

Secondary headaches are caused due subarachnoid headache, severe hypertension, metabolic disturbances and metabolic disturbances. A primary headache occurs as a result of overactivity or problems with pain-sensitive structures in the head, but it is not triggered by an underlying medical condition. In contrast, a secondary headache is a symptom of an underlying condition, such as a sinus infection, head injury, hypertension, or brain tumour. These headaches arise due to a specific health problem, and treating the underlying cause is essential for relieving the headache. 

You can definitely find natural remedies to treat your headache but it is crucial to differentiate to remove the underlying cause of headache. Visit your healthcare provider to find the exact cause of your headache. 

Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most prevalent motor disability in children. Recent global population studies show that CP occurs in approximately 1 to 4 per 1,000 live births or children. The likelihood of developing CP is greater in infants born prematurely or with low birth weight. 

Cerebral palsy is a collection of disorders that impact movement and posture, resulting from damage to the developing brain, typically before birth. Symptoms usually become noticeable during infancy or early childhood and can range from mild to severe. Children with cerebral palsy might experience exaggerated reflexes, floppy limbs and trunk, or stiff muscles, a condition known as spasticity. Other symptoms can include abnormal posture, involuntary movements, unsteady walking, or a combination of these challenges.

While there is no cure for cerebral palsy, treatments can help improve functionality. The symptoms may change as the child grows, but the condition itself does not worsen over time. Generally, cerebral palsy remains stable throughout life. 

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. These seizures can vary in severity and type, ranging from brief lapses in attention or muscle control to more severe convulsions. Epilepsy can affect individuals of all ages, though it often starts in childhood or in people over 60. The causes of epilepsy can be diverse, including genetic factors, brain injuries, infections, or developmental disorders, but in many cases, the exact cause is unknown. With proper treatment, such as antiepileptic medications or, in some cases, surgery, many people with epilepsy can lead normal, healthy lives. However, living with epilepsy often requires ongoing medical management and lifestyle adjustments to prevent triggers and ensure safety during daily activities.

According to the data by NCBI the average cost of epilepsy in the USA goes around $1000 to $1900 per person, and can go high if the seizures are not improving on repeated dose and surgery. 

After repeated doses and continuous medications, it is often advised to go for a surgical treatment. During the treatment part of the brain is removed causing seizures. The cost of the treatment highly varies in India. The treatment cost is usually around 2.5 lakhs to 4.5 lakhs. It is highly variable depending on the frequency, duration and ease of doing a surgical procedure especially the part of the brain involved. 

Tumors

Brain tumors are abnormal growths of cells in the brain, which can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These tumours can disrupt normal brain function depending on their size, location, and rate of growth, leading to symptoms such as headaches, seizures, cognitive difficulties, or changes in behaviour. Traditional treatments for brain tumours include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, but recent advancements have introduced more precise and less invasive options. Technologies like Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, and Zap-X are revolutionising brain tumour treatment by delivering focused, high-dose radiation to the tumour while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Gamma Knife and CyberKnife use advanced imaging and robotics to target tumours with pinpoint accuracy, often eliminating the need for open surgery. 

On average, the cost of CyberKnife treatment in India ranges from INR 5,00,000 to INR 15,00,000 or more, making it a highly affordable option. Average ZAP X cost in India per session is 4.9 lakhs. ZAP-X sessions are 30 minutes long and don’t require anaesthesia or hospital admission. The cost of tumours in India is much lower compared to other parts of the world. 

Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a condition characterised by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, commonly diagnosed during adolescence. While it can be associated with conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy, the majority of childhood scoliosis cases have no identifiable cause. Most scoliosis cases are mild, but some spinal curves can become more pronounced as children grow. In severe cases, scoliosis can lead to significant disability, with extreme curvatures potentially reducing chest space and impairing lung function.

Children with mild scoliosis are typically monitored through regular X-rays to track any changes in the curvature. Often, no treatment is required. However, some may need to wear a brace to prevent the curve from worsening, while more serious cases may require surgery to correct the spinal deformity.

Teenagers suffering from scoliosis are generally monitored regularly as they are growing while adults are on supportive measures to reduce the discomfort. Surgery is often the last option to prevent disability, nerve compression or a severe curve.  

Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement. It occurs when nerve cells in the brain responsible for producing dopamine, a chemical that helps control movement, become damaged or die. As dopamine levels decrease, individuals with Parkinson’s may experience symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, slow movement, and difficulty with balance and coordination. The disease tends to develop gradually, and symptoms worsen over time. While there is no cure for Parkinson’s, medications and therapies can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for those affected.

Frequently ask questions 

• What triggers an epileptic seizure? 

Triggers vary but can include lack of sleep, stress, flashing lights, and certain medications or infections.

• Is cerebral palsy progressive?

No, cerebral palsy (CP) is not a progressive disorder. The brain damage that causes CP is permanent and does not worsen over time. However, the symptoms can change as a person grows, and secondary issues like muscle tightness or joint problems may develop if not properly managed. With therapy and appropriate interventions, individuals with CP can improve their mobility and quality of life, but the underlying condition remains stable.

• When should I visit a doctor for a headache?

You should consider visiting a doctor for a headache if it becomes severe, sudden, or is the worst you have ever experienced. Additionally, if your headache persists for several days or recurs frequently, medical attention may be necessary. Headaches accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, confusion, weakness, changes in vision, or difficulty speaking are concerning and should be evaluated by a doctor. If you notice worsening headaches over time or experience one after a head injury, it is important to seek medical advice. Other warning signs include headaches with fever or a stiff neck, which could indicate an infection, or if you notice changes in personality, behavior, or cognitive function. Furthermore, a new headache pattern in people over 50 should not be ignored. In any of these cases, it’s wise to consult a doctor for proper evaluation and management.

• What are the recent treatments of Parkinson’s disease? 

Recent treatments for Parkinson’s disease focus on improving symptoms, slowing disease progression, and enhancing patients’ quality of life. One of the most promising developments is deep brain stimulation (DBS), a surgical procedure that uses implanted electrodes to regulate abnormal brain activity, which can significantly reduce tremors and rigidity. Levodopa remains the gold standard for symptom control, but newer formulations aim to provide more consistent drug levels throughout the day. Advances in dopamine agonists and MAO-B inhibitors offer alternative ways to manage symptoms with fewer side effects. Gene therapy is being explored to restore dopamine production, and stem cell research is investigating ways to replace lost neurons. In addition, focused ultrasound therapy is a non-invasive treatment being studied for tremor control.

• Is stroke always deadly? 

A stroke is not always deadly, but it is a serious medical emergency that can cause significant complications or even be life-threatening if not treated promptly. The outcome of a stroke depends on the type, location, and severity of the brain damage. Some individuals recover fully, especially with quick treatment, while others may experience long-term disabilities such as speech difficulties, paralysis, or cognitive impairments. Early recognition of stroke symptoms and immediate medical attention are crucial in reducing the risk of death or permanent damage, highlighting the importance of knowing the signs of a stroke, such as sudden weakness, confusion, or difficulty speaking.

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What are the signs and symptoms to perform Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts?

The primary indication for a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is hydrocephalus, a condition where excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the brain, causing increased pressure. Here are the key signs and symptoms that may necessitate a VP shunt:

1. Headaches: Persistent or severe headaches, particularly in the morning or after lying down, are common in hydrocephalus due to increased intracranial pressure.
2. Nausea and Vomiting: Pressure on the brain can trigger frequent nausea and vomiting, especially in children.
3. Enlarged Head: In infants, the head may become abnormally large due to fluid buildup, often accompanied by a bulging fontanelle (soft spot).
4. Vision Problems: Blurred or double vision and sensitivity to light may occur due to pressure on the optic nerve.
5. Cognitive Difficulties: Confusion, memory problems, and developmental delays can signal hydrocephalus in both adults and children.
6. Balance and Coordination Issues: Difficulty walking, unsteady gait, or poor coordination may develop as the pressure affects brain function.
7. Seizures: Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain can lead to seizures, another potential indicator of increased intracranial pressure.

Understanding the goal and working of Shunts

In one statement, the goal is to reduce the abnormal pressure in the brain. This is done via a catheter and directed to the abdomen. The patient is placed under general anaesthesia for the procedure. A small incision is made in the skull, just behind the hairline. A thin catheter is then inserted into one of the fluid-filled cavities of the brain (ventricle). The tubing is carefully routed under the skin to a location behind the ear, where a valve is installed to control the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. From there, the tubing is further guided down to the abdomen (peritoneum), allowing the fluid to drain and be absorbed by the body. The entire surgery typically takes about an hour and a half to complete.

Here is a detailed explanation of the procedure! 

Preparation: The patient is given general anaesthesia, ensuring they remain asleep and pain-free throughout the procedure.

Incision and Catheter Placement: A small hole is made in the skull, usually just behind the hairline. A thin tube, or catheter, is gently inserted into one of the brain’s fluid-filled cavities (ventricles) to access the CSF.

Valve Placement: The catheter is connected to a valve, positioned under the skin, usually behind the ear. This valve regulates the flow of CSF, ensuring that only the right amount of fluid is drained.

Tunnelling to the Abdomen: Another thin tube is tunnelled under the skin from the valve down to the abdomen (peritoneal cavity). This allows the excess fluid to be safely drained into the abdominal cavity, where it is absorbed by the body.

Completion: The surgery typically takes about 1.5 hours, and after recovery, the shunt helps prevent future fluid buildup and relieves pressure on the brain, improving symptoms associated with hydrocephalus.

Is Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts age specific?

According to an article by NIH hydrocephalus was found commonly in elderly above 60 years followed by infants. The numbers were on the lower side in case of adults. 

The best treatment for the paediatric patients is shunt where a small tube is placed with a valve system to drain the excess amount of fluid. Also there is no escape from the surgical treatment. 

In some cases, an alternative procedure called endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) may be considered. This involves creating an opening in the brain to allow CSF to flow freely, bypassing the need for a shunt. ETV is often recommended for specific types of hydrocephalus, such as obstructive hydrocephalus.

Both treatments aim to relieve the pressure on the brain, prevent further damage, and reduce symptoms like headaches, nausea, and developmental delays. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for better outcomes in paediatric patients. Ongoing monitoring and follow-up care are also essential to ensure the long-term success of the treatment. Here are certain things to remember while you go for shunts. 

Activity Restrictions: Physical activities might need to be limited initially, but most children can return to normal activities once they have fully recovered.

Regular Follow-Up: Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor the shunt’s function and ensure the child’s development is on track.

Shunt Malfunction Awareness: Be aware that VP shunts may require revision over time, as they can become blocked, disconnected, or malfunction due to growth or other factors.

Infection Prevention: Proper hygiene and wound care are vital to prevent infections, especially around the surgical site.

Lifelong Care: VP shunts often require lifelong monitoring and, in some cases, multiple revisions as the child grows.

Emotional Support: Providing emotional support and education to both the child and family is important for managing stress and understanding the condition.

Is the surgery easier in adults? Yes, the surgical outcomes as the procedure is better considering the elderly patients where the cause is generally related to infection, tumours and age. Post- operative care is crucial in elderly patients due to low immunity and increased risk of infections. Here is a list of precautions to be taken after the shunt. 

Monitor for Infection: Watch for signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or discharge at the incision site, as well as fever, chills, or worsening symptoms.

Wound Care: Keep the surgical area clean and dry, and follow the healthcare provider’s instructions for dressing changes and wound care to minimize infection risks.

Hydration and Nutrition: Ensure the patient is well-hydrated and receiving balanced nutrition to support recovery and boost immunity.

Watch for Shunt Malfunction: Be alert for symptoms like headaches, confusion, nausea, or changes in behavior, which could indicate shunt malfunction or blockage.

Regular Follow-Up: Schedule regular medical check-ups to assess the shunt’s function and address any early signs of complications.

Limit Physical Activity: Avoid strenuous activities and follow guidelines for safe movement to prevent dislodging or damaging the shunt.

Medication Management: Ensure prescribed medications, especially antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs, are taken as directed to support recovery and prevent complications.

Emotional and Cognitive Support: Provide support for mental well-being, as elderly patients may experience confusion, anxiety, or depression post-surgery.

VP shunt surgery cost in india

The cost of ventriculoperitoneal VP shunt surgery in India can vary widely based on several factors, including the hospital’s location, the type of shunt used, and the complexity of the case. On average, the total cost of the procedure, including hospitalization, surgical fees, and post-operative care, ranges from ₹80,000 to ₹2,00,000 (approximately $1,000 to $2,500 USD).

In metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangalore, costs may be on the higher end of the spectrum due to advanced medical facilities and the expertise of neurosurgeons. In contrast, smaller cities may offer lower prices, although it’s essential to consider the quality of care and available resources. The price of the shunt device itself can also vary, with different manufacturers offering various models, which may affect overall costs.

In addition to the surgical costs, patients should factor in expenses related to pre-operative evaluations, diagnostic tests (such as MRI or CT scans), and post-operative follow-ups, which may include additional consultations and imaging to ensure the shunt is functioning correctly.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does the VP shunt surgery take, and what is the recovery time?

VP shunt surgery typically takes about 1 to 1.5 hours to complete, depending on the complexity of the case. Recovery time varies from patient to patient, but most individuals remain in the hospital for a few days to monitor for any immediate complications. Full recovery usually takes a few weeks, during which patients are advised to avoid strenuous activities. Follow-up visits are necessary to ensure the shunt is functioning properly, and normal activities can often be resumed within a month, depending on the patient’s overall health and healing progress.

What are the signs of infection related to a VP shunt, and how can they be prevented?

Signs of infection related to a VP shunt include redness, swelling, or tenderness around the incision site, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, headache, and changes in mental status such as confusion or irritability. To prevent infection, it’s important to keep the surgical site clean and dry, follow proper wound care instructions, and take prescribed antibiotics if recommended. Regular handwashing and avoiding contact with dirty or contaminated surfaces can also reduce the risk. Additionally, close monitoring of the patient for early symptoms and prompt medical attention are crucial for preventing serious complications.

What activities should be avoided after VP shunt surgery?

After VP shunt surgery, certain activities should be avoided to ensure proper healing and prevent complications. Strenuous physical activities, such as heavy lifting, intense exercise, or contact sports, should be avoided during the recovery period. Activities that involve sudden head movements, bending over, or straining should also be minimized, as they may put pressure on the shunt. Swimming or submerging the head in water should be postponed until the surgical site is fully healed. It’s important to follow the surgeon’s guidelines on when normal activities can be resumed to ensure the shunt functions properly.

How often are follow-up appointments necessary after the placement of a VP shunt?

Follow-up appointments after the placement of a VP shunt are typically scheduled within the first few weeks post-surgery, then at regular intervals, usually every 3 to 6 months for the first year. After the initial year, the frequency may decrease to once a year if the shunt is functioning well and there are no complications. However, more frequent visits may be necessary if the patient experiences symptoms suggesting shunt malfunction or infection. Ongoing monitoring is essential to ensure the shunt is working properly and to address any potential issues promptly.

How do I know if the VP shunt is malfunctioning or blocked?

Signs that a VP shunt may be malfunctioning or blocked include persistent or worsening headaches, nausea, vomiting, irritability, changes in behavior, and confusion. Infants may exhibit increased head size, bulging fontanelles, or unusual fussiness. Additionally, symptoms like vision problems, seizures, or difficulties with balance and coordination can also indicate a shunt issue. If any of these symptoms occur, it’s crucial to contact a healthcare provider immediately for evaluation. Regular follow-up appointments can help monitor shunt function, but being vigilant about any changes in symptoms is key to ensuring timely intervention.

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CyberKnife is one innovation that works on principle of precision! Developed in the 1980s and 1990s by Stanford University surgeon John R. Adler and others. The first CyberKnife system was installed at Stanford in 1991. The evolution and impact took time to land up in the market and revolutionise cancer treatment. It took two decades to enter the Indian Healthcare System. The first machine was installed by Apollo deltin7s in Chennai. Understanding recent technology can be crucial to make better choices for your loved ones. Read ahead and understand how cyberknife can help you! 

How Does CyberKnife Work?

The CyberKnife System is unique in that it’s the only radiation delivery system with a linear accelerator (linac) mounted directly on a robotic arm. This allows it to deliver high-energy x-rays or photons for radiation therapy with incredible precision. The robot moves and bends around the patient, targeting the tumour from countless angles. This flexibility means radiation can be concentrated on the brain tumour from many different directions, reducing the exposure to healthy surrounding tissue and making the treatment more focused and effective.

Imaging and Planning: The first step involves taking high-quality images of the tumour using MRI, CT, or PET scans. These images allow doctors to create a precise 3D model of the tumour and the surrounding anatomy.

Treatment Planning: Based on the imaging results, a customised treatment plan is developed. The CyberKnife software calculates the exact dose of radiation needed and the best angles from which to deliver it.

Delivery: During the treatment, the patient lies comfortably on a table while the CyberKnife robot moves around them. The robot delivers highly focused radiation beams to the tumour from different angles, ensuring precision. The system constantly adjusts for any patient movement, including breathing, to ensure that the radiation hits only the tumour and not nearby healthy tissue.

Post-Treatment Monitoring: Since CyberKnife is non-invasive, patients can go home after treatment. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor progress and ensure the tumour is responding to the treatment.

Ultimate Synchronisation and Precision

Will synchronisation and precision make a difference? Definitely a yes! 

Patients naturally move during treatment—they breathe, shift their position, or even cough. Muscles can tense and relax, and even small movements like turning the head can occur. The CyberKnife System is the only device specifically designed to adjust for all types of patient and tumour motion, even while delivering treatment. Its motion-adaptive technology allows for smaller margins around the tumour, ensuring that healthy tissue is exposed to as little high-dose radiation as possible. By tracking the tumour’s movement and synchronising radiation delivery with it, the CyberKnife System ensures that treatment is highly effective while minimising exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. This approach helps reduce the risk of side effects.

Radiation therapy is a widely used treatment for many types of tumours throughout the body, but its effectiveness depends heavily on precision. Accurate delivery of radiation directly to the tumour is crucial for destroying cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. This high level of precision reduces unnecessary radiation to surrounding areas, which not only lowers the risk of side effects but also improves the patient’s quality of life during and after treatment. The more precise the radiation delivery, the better the chances of effective treatment with fewer complications.

Who is a right fit for CyberKnife?

The CyberKnife System offers a non-invasive treatment option for both cancerous and non-cancerous tumours, as well as other conditions where radiation therapy is recommended. It can be used to treat various areas of the body, including the prostate, lungs, brain, spine, head and neck, liver, pancreas, and kidneys. CyberKnife is a valuable alternative to surgery, especially for patients with inoperable or surgically complex tumours. Most treatments are completed in just 1 to 5 sessions. With over two decades of clinical success, the CyberKnife System has provided life-changing treatment to thousands of people suffering from brain tumors. 

The CyberKnife system is a versatile and highly effective treatment option for various cancer types, including those in the prostate, lungs, brain, spine, liver, pancreas, and kidneys. Beyond malignant tumours, it is also capable of treating benign tumours, making it a flexible and valuable tool for healthcare providers.

CyberKnife is particularly beneficial for patients who:

• Have inoperable or hard-to-reach tumours, especially brain tissues. 
• Cannot undergo surgery due to other health conditions.
• Wish to avoid the risks and recovery time associated with traditional surgery.
• Need retreatment in areas that have already received radiation.

It’s also an excellent option for treating small to medium-sized brain tumours or tumours located near critical structures, such as the brainstem or spinal cord. One of the key benefits of the CyberKnife system is its adaptability. It can be used as a primary treatment for certain cancers or combined with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or surgery. This flexibility allows healthcare professionals to tailor treatment plans to each patient’s needs, optimising the chances for successful outcomes.

It’s a Differentiator : CyberKnife

CyberKnife is also used to treat brain and spinal tumours, offering a non-invasive alternative to surgery or more aggressive radiation treatments, such as Gamma Knife.

Non-Invasive: Unlike traditional surgery, CyberKnife does not involve cuts, incisions, or anaesthesia. This greatly reduces recovery time and the risk of complications like infections.

Precision: The system’s ability to target tumours with sub-millimeter accuracy minimises damage to surrounding tissues, making it especially useful for treating tumours near sensitive structures such as the brain, spine, and lungs.

Fewer Sessions: Traditional radiation therapy can require daily treatments over several weeks, but CyberKnife often reduces the number of sessions needed to just one to five treatments.

No deltin7 Stay: CyberKnife is an outpatient procedure, allowing patients to return to their normal activities quickly, often the same day.

Wide Range of Applications: CyberKnife is effective for treating tumours in various parts of the body, including the brain, spine, lungs, prostate, liver, and pancreas. It can also treat both primary tumours and metastatic cancer.

What makes CyberKnife unique?

The CyberKnife System is the only fully robotic radiation delivery system. Its robotic design, combined with real-time imaging, allows it to precisely deliver high-dose radiation to the tumour from thousands of different angles.

Synchronisation in the motion is unbeatable. The system provides personalised, real-time adaptive radiation treatment by synchronising the beam with the movement of targets that shift due to respiration. This ensures precise and accurate radiation delivery throughout the entire treatment session.

The CyberKnife System is the first to feature a robotic arm-mounted multi-leaf collimator (MLC). This technology uses multiple “leaves” to quickly shape the radiation beam, allowing for more efficient treatment of larger targets with fewer beams.

The ultimate precision and accuracy puts this as the first treatment in front of clinicians. Talk to your healthcare provider and get to know better about Cyberknife.

 What is the cost of CyberKnife in India?

On average, the cost of CyberKnife treatment in India ranges from INR 5,00,000 to INR 15,00,000 or more, making it a highly affordable option compared to the significantly higher costs in countries like the United States and the United Kingdom, where expenses can range from $50,000 to $100,000. Additionally, when compared to other advanced radiation therapies, the cost of CyberKnife in India remains considerably lower, offering a cost-effective solution for patients seeking high-precision, non-invasive treatment without the prohibitive price tag of alternative treatment options.

Faq 

How does the CyberKnife System adjust for patient and tumour movement during treatment?

The CyberKnife System uses advanced real-time imaging and robotic technology to adjust for patient and tumor movement during treatment. By continuously tracking the tumor’s position with imaging techniques, it accounts for even the smallest movements, such as those caused by breathing. The robotic arm delivering radiation can automatically adjust its angles and positioning to ensure that radiation beams remain precisely targeted at the tumour. This enables accurate treatment while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissue, and it eliminates the need for invasive immobilisation devices, allowing patients to breathe and move naturally during the procedure.

What is the CyberKnife System, and how does it differ from Gamma or other technology radiation therapy?

The CyberKnife System is a non-invasive, robotic radiosurgery system designed to treat tumors with high precision using targeted radiation. It differs from other radiation therapies like Gamma Knife in several ways. While the Gamma Knife is primarily used for brain tumours and requires a rigid frame to immobilise the patient’s head, the CyberKnife can treat tumours anywhere in the body and does not require invasive immobilisation. It uses real-time imaging to track tumour movement and adjusts the radiation beams accordingly, allowing for more flexibility and accuracy, especially for tumours that shift during treatment, such as those in the lungs or abdomen.

How many treatment sessions are typically required with the CyberKnife System?

The number of treatment sessions required with the CyberKnife System typically ranges from 1 to 5 sessions, depending on the size, location, and type of tumor being treated. Unlike traditional radiation therapy, which may require numerous sessions over several weeks, CyberKnife delivers highly focused radiation in fewer, shorter sessions. Each session usually lasts between 30 to 90 minutes, and the non-invasive nature of the procedure allows patients to resume normal activities shortly after treatment. The precise targeting of the CyberKnife reduces the need for prolonged treatment while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

Is CyberKnife suitable for patients with inoperable or surgically complex tumours ?

Yes, the CyberKnife System is particularly suitable for patients with inoperable or surgically complex tumors. Its non-invasive approach and precise delivery of high-dose radiation make it an effective option for treating tumors that are difficult to reach or pose high surgical risks. CyberKnife can target tumors in critical areas, such as the brain, spine, lungs, liver, and pancreas, where traditional surgery may not be feasible. By continuously tracking and adjusting for tumor movement, it provides a safer alternative for patients who are not candidates for surgery due to medical conditions, tumor location, or other complexities.

What are the potential side effects of CyberKnife treatment, and how does the system help minimise them?

Potential side effects of CyberKnife treatment are generally mild and vary depending on the tumor’s location. Common side effects include fatigue, nausea, or localized discomfort, which usually resolve within a few days. For brain or spine treatments, patients may experience headaches or swelling. However, severe side effects are rare because the CyberKnife System is designed to minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissues. It uses real-time imaging and precise radiation targeting to deliver high-dose radiation directly to the tumor, sparing nearby organs and tissues. This precision reduces the risk of collateral damage and minimizes the overall side effects of treatment.

The post CyberKnife : A True Precision! appeared first on Al Afiya Meditour.

Over 30 lakh cases are reported worldwide of brain tumour this makes it a pressing issue for the medical community. The rise in cases of brain tumours is a concern because of difficulty in diagnosing and treatment. Since the brain is the highest functioning organ, any impact on the same can disrupt end numbers of function. Brain tumours whether benign or invasive develop into cancer. This puts pressure on certain parts of the brain, disrupting particular functions. Early diagnosis still remains a challenge in medical practice because of general symptoms or most of the time being asymptomatic. 

Traditional treatment includes surgeries and radiotherapy which often affects the surrounding brain tissues as well. This created an ardent need for precise, advanced and accurate treatment methods. Read ahead to understand the symptoms, causes and advanced treatment options for brain tumours.

Diving into the Brain Tumours!

A brain tumour is an abnormal growth of cells within the brain or surrounding tissues. It can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The brain’s complexity makes the diagnosis and treatment of tumours particularly challenging, as even benign tumours can disrupt vital brain functions depending on their location and size. Brain tumours can originate in the brain itself (primary brain tumours) or spread from other parts of the body (secondary or metastatic brain tumours).

The brain consists of various specialised regions, each responsible for different functions such as movement, speech, memory, and sensory perception. A tumour can affect one or more of these regions, leading to a wide range of symptoms. For example, a tumour in the frontal lobe might cause personality changes or motor control issues, while one in the temporal lobe could affect speech and memory. Tumours in the cerebellum can cause balance problems, and growths in the brainstem may interfere with basic life functions like breathing and heart rate regulation, given its role in controlling essential bodily processes.

The anatomy of the brain further complicates the situation. It is protected by the blood-brain barrier, a selective membrane that shields the brain from harmful substances but also limits the effectiveness of certain medications used in treatment. Additionally, the brain is enclosed within the skull, meaning that any abnormal growth increases intracranial pressure, potentially causing headaches, seizures, and other neurological symptoms.

Treating brain tumours often requires a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, due to the brain’s sensitivity and complexity, removing tumours without damaging surrounding healthy tissue can be extremely difficult. This complexity makes brain tumours a formidable challenge in both medical diagnosis and treatment.

Understanding the difference between brain tumours and brain cancers

The distinction between brain tumours and brain cancers lies primarily in their growth behaviour, potential for spreading, and overall threat to health. Brain tumours refer to any abnormal growth of cells in the brain, which can be either benign or malignant. Brain cancer, however, always refers to malignant tumours, which are aggressive, fast-growing, and more likely to invade nearby brain tissues.

A benign brain tumour is non-cancerous and usually grows slowly. While it may not spread to other parts of the brain or body, it can still be dangerous due to the confined space within the skull. As the tumour grows, it can compress critical areas of the brain, causing symptoms like headaches, seizures, or cognitive difficulties. The main challenge with benign tumours is that their location can make surgical removal difficult, and even small tumours can cause serious problems depending on where they are located.

In contrast, brain cancers (malignant tumours) grow rapidly and have the potential to invade nearby brain tissue, disrupting essential functions such as movement, sensation, or cognition. These tumours can also generate secondary tumours through metastasis, spreading to other parts of the brain or central nervous system. Primary brain cancers originate in the brain, while secondary (metastatic) brain cancers spread from other organs like the lungs, breast, or colon.

The dangerous aspect of both brain tumours and cancers is their impact on the brain’s delicate structures. However, malignant brain cancers pose a higher risk due to their aggressive growth, potential to spread, and difficulty in treatment. Benign tumours, while less likely to spread, can still be life-threatening based on their location, making both conditions serious medical concerns.

Signs and symptoms of brain tumours

Size of the tumour controls the signs and symptoms. Here is a list of signs and symptoms which can make you look for a doctor. 

Headaches:

• Persistent headaches that may worsen in the morning or with activity.
• New or unusual headaches that do not respond to  pain relievers.

Seizures:

• Sudden onset of seizures or convulsions, even in individuals with no previous history.
• Different types of seizures can occur, including focal (localised) or generalised seizures.

Nausea and Vomiting:

• Unexplained nausea and vomiting, often worse in the morning and not associated with other illnesses.

Visual Problems:

• Blurred vision, double vision (diplopia), or loss of peripheral vision.
• Sudden changes in vision or unexplained eye movement.

Hearing Loss:

• Gradual or sudden hearing loss, particularly in one ear.
• Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) or balance problems.

Speech Difficulties:

• Difficulty speaking, slurred speech, or trouble understanding language (aphasia).

Weakness or Numbness:

• Weakness or numbness in one side of the body (hemiparesis) or in specific parts, such as the arms or legs.
• Loss of coordination or difficulty with balance and walking.

Difficulty Swallowing:

• Dysphagia or difficulty swallowing food or liquids.

Fatigue:

• Unusual or persistent fatigue not relieved by rest or sleep.

Brain tumours can be classified as cancerous and non-cancerous. Cancerous tumours tend to show symptoms quickly whereas non-cancerous tumours are less aggressive and have better prognosis. Till date treatment is bounded by radiotherapy and surg

Do brain tumours run in families?

While most brain tumours do not have a strong hereditary link, there are cases where brain tumours can run in families. In the majority of individuals, brain tumours are caused by genetic mutations that occur spontaneously and are not passed down from parents. However, a small percentage of brain tumours are associated with inherited genetic conditions.

Certain hereditary syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2, tuberous sclerosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and Von Hippel-Lindau disease, increase the risk of developing brain tumours. These conditions are caused by inherited gene mutations that predispose individuals to tumours, not only in the brain but also in other parts of the body. For example, neurofibromatosis is linked to tumours in the nervous system, while Li-Fraumeni syndrome increases the risk of multiple types of cancer, including brain cancer.

The Shift in Treatment of Brain Tumours

Brain surgery is one of the most challenging surgical procedures due to the intricate structure of the brain. This 3-pound organ contains around 86 billion neurons and trillions of connections, forming a highly complex network. Operating on the brain is a delicate and demanding task, and the presence of brain tumours further complicates the procedure. Tumours are often closely attached to surrounding brain tissues, making surgical removal particularly risky. Neurosurgery has long been the cornerstone of treatment for brain tumours, but it presents its own set of benefits and drawbacks. 

ZAP-X Gyroscopic Stereotactic Radiosurgery of the brain is an advanced surgical procedure especially designed for brain tumours. It is a surgical robot designed for the brain and spine. Unlike traditional methods there is maximum accuracy and least side effects. ZAP-X is a machine which uses radiation and a targeted approach. The approach is simple, it uses image-guided targeting and a compact linear accelerator to deliver high-dose radiation to lesions in the brain and cervical spine. 

Several advanced treatments are now available for brain tumours. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive option that uses a laser catheter to heat and destroy tumour cells, reaching tumours that may be otherwise inoperable. Non-invasive options include CyberKnife and Gamma Knife, which use targeted radiation to treat tumours, ideal for patients who cannot undergo traditional surgery. Proton therapy delivers precise radiation while minimising damage to surrounding tissues. Awake craniotomy with brain mapping allows surgeons to map speech and motor functions during surgery, ensuring critical areas are preserved while removing the tumour.

Faq 

Are brain tumours completely curable?

The curability of brain tumors depends on various factors, including the type, location, size, and stage of the tumor. Some benign tumors can be completely removed through surgery and may not recur. However, malignant brain tumors, especially aggressive forms like glioblastoma, are more challenging to cure. While treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy can control tumor growth, complete eradication is not always possible, and recurrence remains a risk.

Can I live a normal life with treatment of brain tumours?

Many individuals can live a relatively normal life after brain tumor treatment, depending on the tumor’s type, location, and treatment outcomes. Advances in surgery, radiation, and other therapies have improved survival rates and quality of life. However, some may experience ongoing challenges, such as cognitive or physical impairments, depending on the tumor’s impact on brain function. Regular follow-up care and rehabilitation can help manage these challenges and support a fulfilling life.

Which is the most affordable treatment for brain tumour?

The most affordable treatment for a brain tumor often depends on the tumor’s type, size, and location, as well as the healthcare system in the region. Traditional surgery tends to be more affordable than advanced treatments like CyberKnife, Gamma Knife, or proton therapy. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are commonly used and may be more cost-effective. However, the overall cost varies widely, and financial assistance or insurance coverage can significantly reduce expenses.

Why are brain tumours not easy to detect?

Brain tumours are not easy to detect because their symptoms often mimic other common conditions, such as headaches, fatigue, or memory issues. The brain’s complex structure also means that tumours can grow without causing noticeable symptoms until they press on vital areas. Additionally, symptoms vary widely depending on the tumour’s location and size, making early diagnosis difficult. Advanced imaging like MRI or CT scans is usually required for detection.

The post Brain Tumours : Symptoms and Treatment appeared first on Al Afiya Meditour.

The Role of Atherosclerosis in CAD

•  The major risk factors for atherosclerosis (high levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein [LDL], low plasma high-density protein (HDL) and diabetes. Diabetes mellitus  disturbs the normal functions of epithelium.
•  Functional changes in the vessels ultimately result in the collections of fat, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and intercellular matrix that define the atherosclerotic plaque. The first site of collection of fat is the coronary artery leading to narrowing and thickening of vessels. 
• Rather than viewing atherosclerosis strictly as a vascular problem, it is useful to consider in in the context of alterations in the nature of the circulating blood hyperglycemia; increased concentrations of LDL cholesterol, tissue factor, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, coagulation factor VII, and platelet microparticles).
•  The combination of a “vulnerable vessel” in a patient with “vulnerable blood” promotes a state of hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease

Our heart is a magical organ, it keeps working tirelessly until the end stage! Early stage of CAD does not show any symptoms. In Indian practice due to lack of regular screening, it is often unnoticed. Due to continuous deposition of fat, slowly the functioning of the heart because of lack of oxygen supply. As the heart slows down, it slows your body too! Here is a list of cardinal symptoms of coronary artery diseases. 

Chest Pain 

Chest pain, also known as angina, is a common symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD). It occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood due to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. The pain can feel like pressure, tightness, or squeezing in the chest and may also radiate to the shoulders, arms, neck, or back. Angina is often triggered by physical activity, stress, or heavy meals and usually subsides with rest. However, persistent or severe chest pain may indicate a heart attack and requires immediate medical attention.

Shortness of Breath

Shortness of breath is a common symptom in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). It occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, particularly during physical activity. As the coronary arteries narrow due to plaque buildup, the heart receives less oxygen, which can lead to difficulty breathing. This symptom may be experienced alongside chest pain or independently. In some cases, shortness of breath may be an early warning sign of an impending heart attack, so it’s important to seek medical attention if this symptom occurs frequently or suddenly worsens.

Fatigue 

Fatigue is a frequent symptom in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). It occurs because the heart’s reduced ability to pump blood effectively means that the body’s organs and tissues receive less oxygen and nutrients, leading to a general sense of tiredness and lack of energy. This chronic fatigue can be especially noticeable during physical activities that previously were easy to perform. In some cases, fatigue may be one of the earliest signs of CAD, even before more obvious symptoms like chest pain or shortness of breath appear. 

See your doctor if you persistently feel tired, breathless, or experience chest pain. Medanta – The Medicity in Gurugram has a team of cardiologists to reduce future complications. As a preventive measure, always monitor your lifestyle, especially as you enter your 30s.

Medications for Coronary Artery Disease

Here are few drugs used for patients with mild CAD or for prevention of future complications like stroke or heart attack. 

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs): According to many standard studies, high blood pressure should be investigated well. Patients with CAD tend to have hypertension due to blockage. These drugs are given to reduce blood pressure. 

Aspirin : It has a wide range of applications in medicine. In CAD patients it used to thin blood to prevent clots and heart attacks. Daily consumption of aspirin can lead to a bleeding stomach or intestine. 

Cholesterol medicine : Since LDL or bad cholesterol is the main villain of the story, your doctor advises you to take these drugs to improve the condition. 

Beta-Blockers : These medications work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart, which slows down the heart rate and reduces the force of each heartbeat. By doing so, beta blockers decrease the heart’s demand for oxygen, making it easier for the heart to function even when the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked. This helps to relieve symptoms like chest pain (angina). 

It is always crucial to decide treatment plans, you can visit Artemis deltin7 in Gurugram to build an integrated treatment plan. A good team of doctors can make your journey easy. 

Surgical Treatment of CAD

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a surgery where a blocked coronary artery is bypassed using a healthy artery or vein. If there are additional blockages that cannot be bypassed with an artery, a vein (often the saphenous vein from the leg) is used to create a new route from the aorta to the coronary artery, bypassing the blockage. Comprehensive management plays a crucial role, Fortis Cardiac Care in Gurugram believes in wellness and works with patients closely in an integrated manner. 

There is some debate about when CABG should be done, but doctors agree on a few points:

1. The surgery is generally safe, with a very low risk of death (less than 1%) in patients who are otherwise healthy, have a well-functioning heart, and are operated on by an experienced surgical team. Marengo deltin7 in Gurugram has highly experienced doctors, successfully performing 400+ surgeries.
2. The risk of death during or after surgery increases if the patient has severe heart problems, other health issues, is older than 80, or if the surgical team is less experienced. The success and risk of the surgery greatly depend on choosing the right cases and the skill of the surgeons.

Advantages of CABG

• Angina is abolished or greatly reduced in -90% of patients after complete revascularization. 
• Survival may be improved by operation in patients with stenosis of the left main coronary artery as well as in patients with significant obstruction of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. 
• Survival may also be improved in the following patients: (a)patients with obstructive CAD who have survived sudden cardiac death; (b) patients who have undergone previous CABG, especially of a graft supplying the left anterior descending coronary artery, and (c) patients with recurrent stenosis. 
• Among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and multivessel coro- nary disease, CABG surgery plus optimal medical therapy is superior to optimal medical therapy alone in preventing major cardiovascular events. 

Opting for a surgical treatment can be challenging. Talk to your healthcare provider about the severity of coronary heart disease. Multiple blockage needs surgical intervention if medicines have failed to show improvement. 

CABG can also lower the risk of future heart attacks, improve heart function, and enhance your overall quality of life. For some patients, especially those with complex blockages or diabetes, CABG has been shown to provide better long-term outcomes compared to other treatments. Ultimately, CABG may offer a better chance of a longer, healthier life by restoring adequate blood flow to your heart. All you need is well experienced doctors, sometimes multiple opinions. Visit Max Hospital in Gurugram and get treated by the best! 

Faq 

Why do young people experience heart attacks? 

Young people can experience heart attacks due to a combination of lifestyle factors, including poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and stress, which contribute to obesity, hypertension, and other cardiovascular risks. Additionally, rising rates of obesity and metabolic syndrome in younger populations, along with genetic predispositions or family history of heart disease, further increase their vulnerability. These factors can lead to early onset of conditions traditionally associated with older age, such as atherosclerosis and high cholesterol, ultimately raising the risk of heart attacks in young individuals.

What are the risk factors of coronary artery diseases? 

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is influenced by several risk factors, including unhealthy lifestyle choices such as poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption, all of which contribute to obesity, high blood pressure, and unhealthy cholesterol levels. Medical conditions like hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity further increase the risk of CAD by promoting plaque buildup in the arteries. Family history and genetics also play a significant role, particularly if close relatives developed CAD at an early age.

Can you live a long life with coronary artery diseases? 

Yes, it is possible to live a long life with coronary artery disease (CAD) if it is properly managed. While CAD is a serious condition, advancements in medical treatment, lifestyle modifications, and early detection can significantly improve outcomes. Patients with CAD can manage their condition through medications, regular physical activity, a heart-healthy diet, and by avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

How much blockage is normal? 

In healthy individuals, the coronary arteries should have minimal to no blockage, as even small amounts of narrowing can impact blood flow to the heart. Generally, a blockage of less than 20% is considered normal and not significant enough to cause symptoms or require intervention. However, when blockages exceed 50%, they can begin to impair blood flow and increase the risk of heart-related symptoms or events.

What is the best treatment for coronary artery diseases? 

The best treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD) involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, medications, and, in some cases, interventional procedures. Lifestyle changes are foundational and include adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, quitting smoking, and managing stress. Medications, such as statins to lower cholesterol, aspirin to prevent blood clots, and beta-blockers to reduce heart workload, are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms and prevent progression.

The post Coronary Artery Diseases : Medicines to Surgical Treatment appeared first on Al Afiya Meditour.

Gamma Knife Esprit is the latest generation of the Gamma Knife radiosurgery system, specifically designed for treating brain tumours, vascular malformations, trigeminal neuralgia, and other brain disorders. Despite its name, the Gamma Knife Esprit is not a traditional knife; it is a highly precise form of radiation therapy that focuses beams of gamma radiation to target abnormalities in the brain without the need for an actual incision. Take a quick read to understand the future! 

How does Gamma Knife Esprit work?

Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a specialised form of radiotherapy, also known as stereotactic radiosurgery. Despite the name, Gamma Knife treatment does not involve any incisions or a physical knife. Instead, it uses highly focused beams of gamma rays to target specific areas of abnormal tissue, such as a lesion or tumour, most commonly in the brain. The procedure delivers a concentrated dose of radiation precisely to the affected area, without the need for cutting into the body.

The reason it is called “surgery” is because the outcome is similar to that of traditional surgery—removing or reducing the size of a lesion or tumour. However, instead of a scalpel, Gamma Knife radiosurgery uses radiation beams that converge at a precise point to destroy abnormal cells, preventing them from growing and causing the targeted lesion or tumour to shrink over time. This targeted approach allows for effective treatment of the diseased area while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue.

Gamma Knife radiosurgery is particularly useful for treating conditions in the brain, including both benign and malignant tumours, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), trigeminal neuralgia, and certain movement disorders. It offers a non-invasive alternative to conventional surgery, minimising risks such as infection and long recovery times, making it a valuable option for patients who cannot undergo traditional surgery due to age, health conditions, or the location of the abnormality.

Here are some general steps followed while planning a treatment for you!

Head Frame lPlacement: To prevent any movement during treatment, a specialized, box-shaped head frame is securely attached to the patient’s head. This frame is fastened to the skull using small pins, ensuring complete stability. The head frame also serves as a crucial guide, allowing the gamma ray beams to be accurately focused on the lesion.

Imaging for Tumor or Lesion Localization: With the head frame in place, the exact location of the lesion is identified using advanced imaging techniques such as CT scans or MRIs. A CT scan involves a series of X-ray images combined by a computer to produce detailed cross-sectional images. An MRI, on the other hand, uses powerful magnets and computer technology to create detailed images without using X-rays. For blood vessel lesions like arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), a cerebral angiogram may be needed. This procedure involves injecting a special dye into a large blood vessel and using X-rays to visualize any abnormalities in the blood vessels.

Radiation Dose Planning: Following the imaging, the radiation therapy team, which includes a medical physicist, develops a customised treatment plan. The data from the CT scan, MRI, or angiogram is analysed to determine the most effective dose of radiation and its precise delivery path. This careful planning ensures that the radiation targets the lesion while minimising exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.

Radiation Treatment: Once the planning is complete, the patient is positioned, and a helmet with hundreds of small holes is placed over the head frame. These holes are essential for directing the focused radiation beams precisely to the target. The actual treatment can last anywhere from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the size, type, and location of the lesion being treated. In most cases, only a single session is needed to achieve the desired outcome.

Precise planning will reduce the number of visits, providing patients complete support and care during the journey. Talk to your healthcare provider to understand your treatment plan better! 

Why do you need Gamma Knife Esprit? 

Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a highly effective, non-invasive treatment option primarily used for managing various conditions in the brain. This advanced technique is especially beneficial for:

Small and Medium-Sized Tumours and Lesions in the Brain: Gamma Knife radiosurgery is ideal for treating small to medium-sized brain tumours, both benign and malignant, without the need for open surgery. The precision of Gamma Knife ensures that radiation is delivered only to the tumour, minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

Trigeminal Neuralgia: This condition, characterised by severe facial pain due to pressure on the trigeminal nerve, can be debilitating. Gamma Knife radiosurgery offers a non-surgical option that precisely targets the affected nerve, providing relief from pain without the risks and recovery time associated with traditional surgery.

Acoustic Neuroma: An acoustic neuroma is a benign tumour that affects the nerves responsible for hearing and balance. Gamma Knife radiosurgery effectively treats these tumours by stopping their growth while preserving nearby nerve function. This approach avoids the potential complications of conventional surgery, such as hearing loss and facial nerve damage.

Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs): AVMs are abnormal tangles of blood vessels in the brain that disrupt normal blood flow and can lead to serious complications like haemorrhage. Gamma Knife radiosurgery targets the AVM precisely, gradually closing off the abnormal vessels without the need for invasive procedures, thereby reducing the risk of bleeding and neurological damage.

By combining precision, safety, and effectiveness, Gamma Knife radiosurgery provides a highly effective treatment option for a range of brain disorders, offering hope and improved outcomes for many patients.

Cost of Gamma Knife Esprit 

Fortis deltin7, Gurugram became the first one to introduce Gamma Knife to India in 2024. The treatment is included in the Ayushman Bharat Scheme by the government of India. India in 2024 became the first South-Asian country to get this technology at affordable range. 

Currency average cost of Gamma Knife Esprit is around 5 lakhs excluding some additional expenses. The cost can vary from severity of condition, surgeons and precisions  of treatment. It is an advanced technology and is equal to five Gamma Knife machines.  

Faq 

What are the key advantages of using Gamma Knife Esprit compared to conventional brain surgery?

Gamma Knife Esprit offers significant advantages over conventional brain surgery. It is a non-invasive procedure, eliminating the need for incisions and reducing the risks of infection, bleeding, and lengthy recovery times. The technology provides pinpoint accuracy, delivering focused radiation precisely to the targeted lesion or tumour while sparing surrounding healthy brain tissue. This precision minimises side effects and preserves cognitive function. Treatment is typically completed in a single session, offering convenience and reducing hospital visits. Additionally, Gamma Knife Esprit is highly effective for treating hard-to-reach or inoperable areas, making it an ideal option for patients unsuitable for open surgery.    

What is the typical preparation process for a patient undergoing treatment with Gamma Knife Esprit?

The preparation process for Gamma Knife Esprit treatment begins with securing a head frame to the patient’s skull to prevent any movement during the procedure. Once the frame is in place, imaging techniques like MRI, CT scans, or cerebral angiograms are used to precisely locate the tumour or lesion. These images help the medical team develop a detailed, personalised radiation plan. The patient may receive mild sedation to ensure comfort during frame placement and imaging. After the plan is finalised, the patient is positioned, and a helmet with multiple holes is fitted over the head frame to guide the radiation beams accurately.

Are there any potential side effects or risks associated with Gamma Knife Esprit treatment?       

While Gamma Knife Esprit treatment is generally safe and non-invasive, there are some potential side effects and risks. Common short-term effects include mild headaches, nausea, or fatigue following the procedure. Some patients may experience localised swelling or mild discomfort at the pin sites where the head frame is attached. Rarely, radiation can cause temporary hair loss or skin irritation in the treated area. In rare cases, there could be delayed effects like radiation necrosis, which involves tissue damage near the treated lesion. However, the precision of Gamma Knife Esprit significantly reduces the likelihood of serious complications compared to traditional surgery.

Who are the ideal candidates for Gamma Knife Esprit treatment, and who might not be suitable for this type of radiosurgery?

Ideal candidates for Gamma Knife Esprit treatment include patients with small to medium-sized brain tumours, vascular malformations like arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), acoustic neuromas, or trigeminal neuralgia, especially those located in hard-to-reach or sensitive brain areas. It is suitable for patients who cannot undergo conventional surgery due to age, medical conditions, or tumour location. However, it may not be suitable for those with large tumours requiring open surgery, multiple lesions that need whole-brain radiation, or conditions where rapid mass effect relief is necessary. Patients with certain medical implants may also not be eligible due to the use of strong magnetic fields.

How does Gamma Knife Esprit deliver radiation to treat brain tumours and other brain disorders?

Gamma Knife Esprit delivers radiation to treat brain tumours and other disorders by using multiple highly focused beams of gamma rays that converge precisely at a target within the brain. The system utilises 192 cobalt-60 sources that direct these beams through a specialised helmet with holes, allowing for sub-millimeter accuracy. The convergence of beams delivers a high dose of radiation to the tumour or lesion, effectively damaging abnormal cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. This focused approach enables the treatment of complex brain conditions, such as tumours and vascular malformations, with minimal side effects and without the need for surgical incisions.

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  This number is increasing due to improved healthcare infrastructure and the growing demand for medical tourism. Hip replacement surgeries in India have a high success rate of 90-95%,  7-10 days of stay is required in India. Most patients report significant pain relief and improved mobility post-surgery. With modern surgical techniques and high-quality implants, talking about the feedback of the patients in India for hip replacement have been extremely satisfying for decision making. 

This blog will give you full information related to, right treatment plan, types, healing process, Hip replacement surgery cost in India and Much more.

Types of Hip Replacement Surgeries and Indications

1- Total Hip Replacement (THR)-

Indications:

• Severe arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis)
• Hip fractures
• Avascular necrosis

Best for: Older adults with significant damage to the hip joint, leading to severe pain and limited mobility.

2- Partial Hip Replacement (Hemiarthroplasty)-

Indications:

• Hip fractures (common in elderly patients)

Best for: Elderly patients with hip fractures but minimal joint damage beyond the femoral head.

3- Hip Resurfacing-

Indications:

• Younger, more active patients with strong bones and limited damage

Best for: Younger, active patients who want to preserve bone for future surgeries. It is ideal for those who may need a revision surgery later in life.

Types of Implants and Their Lifespan

1- Metal-on-Polyethylene Implants:

• Lifespan: 15-20 years
• It is mostly used for older adults with high activity levels, these are considered as durable for this age.

2- Ceramic-on-Ceramic Implants:

• Lifespan: 20-25 years
• Used For Younger, active patients who require longer-lasting implants and reduced wear.

3- Metal-on-Metal Implants:

• Lifespan: 15-20 years
• Best for Active patients, though these are less commonly  us Polyethyleneed due to concerns over metal ions release.

4- Ceramic-on- Implants:

• Lifespan: 20-25 years
• Best for Younger and middle-aged adults looking for a balance between durability and flexibility.

5- Custom Implants:

• Lifespan: Varies, depending on the material used and the patient’s condition.
• Patients with complex anatomy or previous surgeries, as they are designed specifically for the individual’s anatomy.

New Techniques Used in Hip Replacement Surgeries in India

1- Robotic-Assisted Hip Replacement in India

Robotic-Assisted Hip Replacement in India has been performed in several deltin7s: 

Fortis Memorial Research Institute (Gurugram), 

Apollo deltin7s (Chennai, Delhi), 

Medanta – The Medicity (Gurugram).

Benefits: Robotic-assisted surgeries offer precision in implant placement, reduced recovery time, and better alignment, ensuring long lasting results.

2- Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement (MIS)

Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement (MIS) in India has been performed in several hospital :

Manipal deltin7s (Bangalore), 

Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani deltin7 (Mumbai).

Benefits: This technique uses smaller incisions, reducing muscle damage, blood loss, and recovery time.

3- Anterior Approach Hip Replacement:

deltin7s: 

Fortis deltin7 (Mumbai), 

Global deltin7 (Hyderabad).

Benefits: Less tissue disruption, quicker recovery, and less postoperative pain. It allows for more rapid mobility post-surgery.

Healing Process After Hip Replacement Surgery

Doctors say that patients can start walking with a walker or crutches within  a day after surgery. Most patients can walk independently and perform daily tasks with minimal discomfort within 4 months. Full recovery is expected, with most patients resuming normal activities without pain or stiffness within 6 months.

Precautions and Physiotherapy After Hip Replacement 

• Avoid crossing legs or bending the hip more than 90 degrees for the first 6-8 weeks.
• Use a raised toilet seat and avoid sitting in low chairs to prevent strain on the hip joint.
• Early Stage physiotherapy is gentle exercises to restore range of motion and prevent stiffness.
• Later Stage physiotherapy is strength-building exercises to regain muscle tone and improve balance and flexibility.

Cost of Hip Replacement Surgery in India for International Patient 

The cost for hip replacement surgery in India is highly competitive compared to Western countries. The average cost ranges from $5,000 to $7,000, depending on the hospital, surgeon, and type of implant used. In countries like the USA or UK, the same procedure can cost upwards of $25,000- $29,000 or more.

Why Do You Need Hip Replacement Surgery?

Hip replacement surgery is necessary when the hip joint is severely damaged by conditions like arthritis, fractures, or avascular necrosis. It helps relieving chronic pain, improve mobility, and enhance the overall quality of life when other treatments, such as medications and physical therapy, fail to provide relief.

Who Are the Right Patients for Hip Replacement Surgery?

The ideal candidates for hip replacement surgery include:

• Patients with severe pain and loss of mobility due to arthritis or fractures.
• For those who have tried non-surgical treatments without success.
• Generally, older adults, or young age patients with severe hip joint damage may also benefit.

Frequently Asked Questions-

1- How long does recovery from hip replacement surgery take?

Full recovery usually takes 3-6 months, though most patients can resume normal activities within 6-12 weeks.

2- What is the lifespan of hip implants?

Hip implants typically last between 15-25 years, depending on the type of implant and the patient’s activity level.

3- Is hip replacement surgery safe?

Yes, hip replacement surgery is generally very safe, with a high success rate. However, like any surgery, there are potential risks such as infection or implant failure.

4- Can both hips be replaced at the same time?

Yes, bilateral hip replacement are possible, but yes it depends on the patient’s health and the doctor’s  recommendation.

5- What is the cost of hip replacement surgery in India for international patients?

International cost of hip replacement surgery India typically ranges from $5,000 to $7,000, depending on the type of surgery and implant.

6- What is the sucess rate of hip replacement surgery in India ? 

The Sucess rate for hip replacement surgery in India is 95%-98%

The post Hip Replacement Surgeries in India: New Techniques and Key deltin7s appeared first on Al Afiya Meditour.

Signs and symptoms of brain tumours

Size of the tumour controls the signs and symptoms. Here is a list of signs and symptoms which can make you look for a doctor.

Headaches

• Persistent headaches that may worsen in the morning or with activity.
• New or unusual headaches that do not respond to pain relievers.

Seizures

• Sudden onset of seizures or convulsions, even in individuals with no previous history.
• Different types of seizures can occur, including focal (localised) or generalised seizures.

Nausea and Vomiting

• Unexplained nausea and vomiting, often worse in the morning and not associated with other illnesses.

Visual Problems

• Blurred vision, double vision (diplopia), or loss of peripheral vision.
• Sudden changes in vision or unexplained eye movement.

Hearing Loss

• Gradual or sudden hearing loss, particularly in one ear.
• Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) or balance problems.

Speech Difficulties

• Difficulty speaking, slurred speech, or trouble understanding language (aphasia).

Weakness or Numbness

• Weakness or numbness in one side of the body (hemiparesis) or in specific parts, such as the arms or legs.
• Loss of coordination or difficulty with balance and walking.

Difficulty Swallowing

• Dysphagia or difficulty swallowing food or liquids.

Fatigue

• Unusual or persistent fatigue not relieved by rest or sleep.

Brain tumours can be classified as cancerous and non-cancerous. Cancerous tumours tend to show symptoms quickly whereas non-cancerous tumours are less aggressive and have better prognosis. Till date treatment is bounded by radiotherapy and surgery.

ZAP-X Treatment : Creating a Shift!

Brain surgery is one of the toughest surgical procedures. Our brain has a complex network of neurons. This 3 pound organ holds approximately 86 billion neurons and trillions of connection. Operating the brain is often considered a tedious job. Brain tumours make it even harder for a surgeon to operate. The tumours are often tightly adherent to the other tissues of the brain, making the surgery critical. Traditionally neurosurgery remains the cornerstone of the treatment of care but it comes with its own pros and cons.

Surgical procedures like craniotomy, a procedure in which a portion of the skull is temporarily removed to access the brain. Surgeons then carefully remove as much of the tumour as possible while minimising damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. Other traditional methods include stereotactic surgery, which uses a three-dimensional coordinate system to precisely locate and treat the tumour, and microsurgery, which employs high-powered microscopes and specialised tools for greater accuracy. In cases where tumours are not easily accessible or surgery poses high risks, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used either as primary treatments or in conjunction with surgery to shrink tumours or eliminate remaining cancer cells. Although these traditional methods can be highly effective, they often come with significant risks and potential side effects, such as infection, bleeding, neurological deficits, and longer recovery times.

ZAP-X Gyroscopic Stereotactic Radiosurgery of the brain is an advanced surgical procedure especially designed for brain tumours. It is a surgical robot designed for the brain and spine. Unlike traditional methods there is maximum accuracy and least side effects. ZAP-X is a machine which uses radiation and a targeted approach. The approach is simple, it uses image-guided targeting and a compact linear accelerator to deliver high-dose radiation to lesions in the brain and cervical spine. Till now it is considered as the best alternative to invasive surgery. Here is a brief about how ZAP-X works!

Consultation 

This is the first step in ZAP-X treatment to determine the need of the treatment. Visit your neurosurgeon and do a thorough research for ZAP-X treatment costs in India before making a final call. This step is critical and essential to proceed further in this journey.

Identification of lesion 

This process is also known as simulation where your doctor knows the exact size, shape and location of the lesion. To achieve this, a flexible mesh mask will be custom-made to fit you perfectly. After that, CT scans will be performed using IV contrast, similar to a standard diagnostic CT scan. You’ll wear the mesh mask while being positioned in the CT scanner to ensure consistent body alignment for the treatment day.

Planning your treatment 

The Zap X treatment planning team includes a neurosurgeon, a radiation oncologist, and a physicist. They use the CT scan images taken on the simulation day, and MRI images if necessary, to develop a radiation therapy plan. The objective is to deliver a high dose of radiation precisely to the target area while minimising exposure to the surrounding healthy tissue, which is crucial for reducing side effects. Each patient’s treatment plan is tailored to their specific condition and treatment goals.

The D-Day

On the day of treatment, you will lie on the Zap X treatment table, and your custom-made mask will be used to position you accurately. Radiation therapists are responsible for ensuring correct positioning and delivering the radiation dose as planned. Images are taken during the session to verify that the target area has not shifted. The therapists monitor you from screens in the Zap X suite and communicate with you via intercom throughout the procedure. Treatment sessions vary in duration but are generally brief, often lasting no more than 30 minutes, depending on your specific treatment plan. Most of this time is dedicated to achieving precise positioning. After the session is complete, the radiation therapist will assist you off the table, and you will have the chance to discuss any concerns with the treatment team. Check ZAP X cost in India and get a personalised treatment plan at an affordable price.

 ZAP-X cost in India

In India the cost of any treatment is monitored well because it will take one hospitalisation for many Indians to be bankrupt! Zap-X cost in India treatment can vary based on several factors such as geographical location, the complexity of the tumor, and the healthcare provider’s pricing policy. However, Zap-X is often considered more cost-effective than other stereotactic radiosurgery options like Gamma Knife or CyberKnife due to its simpler infrastructure requirements and reduced overhead costs. ZAP X cost in India is a life saver for millions around the globe!

Since the investment cost of the ZAP-X is less compared to other available treatments, globally it varies from 10,000 to 20,000 USD, this is almost double the ZAP X cost in India. The radiosurgery takes multiple sessions, depending on the number of sessions the total cost of ZAP X varies.

Average ZAP X cost in India per session is 4.9 lakhs. ZAP-X sessions are 30 minutes long and don’t require anaesthesia or hospital admission. The treatment is best for well-defined tumours that are less than 3X3X3 cm, tumours deep in the brain, and tumours near important structures.

Faq

What are the advantages of Zap-X treatment compared to traditional brain tumor surgeries?

Zap-X treatment offers significant advantages over traditional brain tumour surgeries, making it a highly appealing option for both patients and healthcare providers. As a completely non-invasive procedure, Zap-X eliminates the need for a craniotomy and the associated risks of open surgery, such as infection, bleeding, and anaesthesia complications. The system provides sub-millimeter precision, targeting tumours accurately while sparing surrounding healthy brain tissue, which reduces neurological side effects. Unlike other radiation therapies, Zap-X does not require a specially shielded room due to its self-shielding design, lowering infrastructure costs and making it more accessible for smaller hospitals or outpatient settings.

How does Zap-X differ from other radiosurgery options like Gamma Knife and CyberKnife?

Zap-X differs from other radiosurgery options like Gamma Knife and CyberKnife in several key ways, particularly in its design, technology, and patient experience. Unlike Gamma Knife, which requires a heavy cobalt source and a dedicated radiation-shielded room, Zap-X uses a self-shielded design that eliminates the need for specialized infrastructure, making it more cost-effective and easier to install in a variety of healthcare settings. In contrast to CyberKnife, which involves a linear accelerator mounted on a robotic arm, Zap-X features a compact gyroscopic configuration that rotates around the patient, delivering highly focused radiation beams with sub-millimeter precision. This innovative design enhances targeting accuracy while minimizing radiation exposure to healthy tissues.

What is the recovery time like after undergoing Zap-X treatment?

The recovery time after undergoing Zap-X treatment is typically very short, as the procedure is non-invasive and does not involve surgical incisions. Most patients can return home the same day of the treatment and resume their normal activities almost immediately. Unlike traditional brain surgeries that may require weeks of recovery and rehabilitation, Zap-X offers a minimally disruptive experience with very few side effects, allowing patients to quickly get back to their daily routines. Some patients may experience mild fatigue or headaches, but these symptoms usually resolve within a few days.

What kind of preparation is required before undergoing Zap-X treatment?

Before undergoing Zap-X treatment, patients need to undergo several preparatory steps to ensure the procedure’s success and safety. First, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted, including a detailed medical history, neurological examination, and imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans.  Patients are also advised to avoid certain medications, such as blood thinners, a few days before the procedure to reduce the risk of bleeding. On the day of the treatment, patients should wear comfortable clothing and may be asked to refrain from eating or drinking for a few hours prior, depending on specific medical guidelines.

Can Zap-X treatment be combined with other therapies, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy?

Yes, Zap-X treatment can be combined with other therapies, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy, to enhance overall treatment effectiveness for brain tumors. While Zap-X provides precise, targeted radiation to shrink or eliminate tumors, combining it with chemotherapy or immunotherapy can help address tumor cells that may not be fully eradicated by radiation alone. Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cancer cells throughout the body, while immunotherapy boosts the body’s immune response to fight cancer.

The post Zap-X Treatment for Brain Tumours: An Advanced and Cost-Effective Option appeared first on Al Afiya Meditour.

Knee Replacement Surgeries in India

Knee replacement surgeries in India are evolving with advanced technologies like robotic-assisted surgery and personalised 3D-printed implants, Persona IQ Implant also known as World’s first smart knee implant. These innovations are leading to more precise surgeries, shorter recovery times, and long term outcomes are getting better.  As India continues to invest in healthcare, More than 21,000   knee replacement surgeries performed per month in India as a global leader in knee replacement surgery.

Types of Knee Replacement Surgeries

Total Knee Replacement (TKR):

The most common procedure, where the entire knee joint is replaced with artificial implant..

Indications:

• Severe arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis)
• Chronic knee pain and stiffness
• Significant knee deformities
• Failed previous knee surgeries

Total Knee Replacement is Best for  :

• Patients: Older adults with severe joint damage and those who have not responded to conservative treatments (medications, physical therapy).
• Considerations: TKR is typically recommended for patients who have extensive joint damage affecting multiple parts of the knee. It is suitable for those with substantial pain and mobility issues that interfere with daily activities.

Partial Knee Replacement (PKR):

Only the damaged portion of the knee is replaced, preserving more of the natural bone and tissue.

Indications:

• Isolated arthritis in one compartment of the knee
• Localised knee pain and damage
• Good range of motion in the knee
• Stable ligaments

Partial Knee Replacement is Best for:

• Patients: Younger or middle-aged adults with localised knee damage and relatively healthy remaining knee structures.
• Considerations: PKR is ideal for patients with damage limited to one part of the knee. It offers a quicker recovery, less pain, and a more natural feeling in the knee post-surgery compared to TKR. However, it is not suitable for those with widespread arthritis.

Minimally Invasive Knee Replacement:

Utilises smaller incisions for less pain and quicker recovery.

Indications:

• Patients suitable for TKR or PKR but seeking a quicker recovery
• Minimally invasive techniques can be applied to both total and partial knee replacements

Minimally Invasive Knee Replacement Best for:

• Patients: Younger, healthier individuals with less severe knee damage who are looking for a quicker recovery and reduced post-operative pain.
• Considerations: MIS is ideal for patients who meet the criteria for TKR or PKR and prefer a faster recovery with less scarring. However, it requires a highly skilled surgeon, and not all patients are suitable candidates.

Robotic-Assisted Knee Replacement:

Advanced technology assists in performing the surgery with greater accuracy.

Indications:

• Patients suitable for TKR or PKR
• Complex knee anatomy or deformities
• Patients seeking highly personalised and precise surgery

Robotic-Assisted Knee Replacement Best for:

• Patients: Individuals with complex knee conditions or those desiring the latest technology for optimal outcomes.
• Considerations: Robotic-assisted knee replacement is especially beneficial for patients with challenging knee anatomy or those who prioritise precision in surgery. It can improve implant longevity and functional outcomes but may be more expensive.

Revision Knee Replacement:

Performed when an existing knee implant fails or wears out.

Indications:

• Worn-out or failed knee implant
• Infection around the knee implant
• Instability or stiffness after previous knee replacement
• Bone fractures around the implant

Revision Knee Replacement Best for:

• Patients: Those who have undergone previous knee replacement surgery and are experiencing issues such as pain, instability, or implant failure.
• Considerations: Revision surgery is more complex than primary knee replacement, requiring specialised expertise. It is often recommended when there is a significant problem with the original implant, and careful planning is needed to achieve a successful outcome.

Types of Knee Implants and Their Lifespan.

1. Metal-Plastic Implants

• Lifespan: 15-20 years
• Best for: Most patients, particularly older adults with moderate to low activity levels.
• Condition: Suitable for those with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis where the bone quality is reasonable, and there’s no severe deformity.
• Benefits: Proven track record, good balance of durability and performance.
• Drawbacks: May wear down over time, leading to revision surgery, especially in younger or more active patients.

2. Ceramic-Ceramic Implants

• Lifespan: Over 20 Year
• Best for: Younger, more active patients who require a longer-lasting implant.
• Condition: Patients with good bone quality and higher activity levels who want to minimise the risk of implant wear.
• Benefits: Low wear rates, highly durable, less likely to release particles that could cause inflammation.
• Drawbacks: More expensive, and while rare, ceramic materials can fracture under extreme conditions.

2. Metal-Metal Implants

• Lifespan: 15-20 years
• Best for: Patients who are younger and more active, and need durable implants.
• Condition: Suitable for patients with strong bones and who engage in higher-impact activities.
• Benefits: Durable and strong, suitable for higher levels of activity.
• Drawbacks: Potential risk of metal ion release into the bloodstream, which can cause complications like metal sensitivity or even systemic effects.

4. Custom-Made Implants

• Lifespan: Varies, generally comparable to standard implants but with potentially better outcomes.:
• Best for: Patients with unique knee anatomy, severe deformities, or those who have had multiple prior surgeries.
• Condition: Ideal for complex cases where off-the-shelf implants would not provide an optimal fit or function.
• Benefits: Customisation leads to a better fit, improved function, and possibly a longer lifespan.
• Drawbacks: Higher cost, longer preparation time, and limited availability.

5. Hybrid Implants (Ceramic-Metal or Ceramic-Plastic)

• Lifespan: 15-25 years, depending on the combination.
• Best for: Patients needing a balance between durability and reducing wear.
• Condition: Patients with moderate to high activity levels and good bone quality.
• Benefits: Offers the low wear rate of ceramic with the durability of metal or the flexibility of plastic.
• Drawbacks: Complexity in choosing the right combination for the patient’s specific needs, slightly higher cost.

International Cost of Knee Replacement in India

India offers knee replacement surgery at a fraction of the cost compared to countries like the USA, UK, and Australia. On average, the cost ranges from $2,000 to $6,000 per knee, depending on the type of surgery, implant, and hospital chosen. This affordability, coupled with high-quality care, makes India a top destination for medical tourists seeking knee replacement surgery.

Success Rate of Knee Replacement Surgery in India

The success rate of knee replacement surgeries in India is impressive, with over 90-95% of patients reporting significant pain relief and improved mobility. With the advancements in surgical techniques and implant technology, the success rate is expected to rise even further.

Why Do You Need Knee Replacement Surgery?

Knee replacement surgery is necessary when the knee joint becomes severely damaged, leading to chronic pain, stiffness, and loss of function. Conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and traumatic injuries are common reasons for this damage. When non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief, knee replacement surgery becomes the best option to restore mobility and improve the quality of life.

Right Patients for Knee Replacement

The ideal candidates for knee replacement surgery are those who experience severe knee pain that limits daily activities, have a knee deformity, or have exhausted other treatment options. Generally, older adults are the most common candidates, but younger patients with significant joint damage may also be considered. A thorough evaluation by an orthopaedic surgeon will determine if knee replacement is the right choice.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How long does it take to recover from knee replacement surgery?

Recovery typically takes 6-12 weeks, with most patients resuming normal activities within this time. Full recovery may take up to a year.

What is the longevity of knee implants?

Most knee implants last between 15-20 years, but newer materials and techniques are extending their lifespan even further.

How safe is knee replacement surgery?

Knee replacement surgery is generally very safe, with a high success rate to almost 93% to 98%. As with any surgery, there are risks, but they are minimal when performed by experienced surgeons.

Can I have both knees replaced at once?

Yes, simultaneous bilateral knee replacement is possible, but it depends on the patient’s overall health, body response towards healing  and the surgeon’s recommendation.

What is the cost of knee replacement surgery in India for international patients?

The cost for patients typically ranges from $3,000 to $6,000 per knee, depending on the type of surgery, complexity, how many surgeons are involved in it and the type of implant chosen.

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